Інформація призначена тільки для фахівців сфери охорони здоров'я, осіб,
які мають вищу або середню спеціальну медичну освіту.

Підтвердіть, що Ви є фахівцем у сфері охорони здоров'я.

Международный неврологический журнал Том 21, №7, 2025

Вернуться к номеру

Феномен латентного алкоголізму: когнітивно-поведінкова залежність у соціально адаптованих осіб, які систематично вживають алкоголь. Модель LADAR

Авторы: Y. Bondarenko, T. Mozghova
Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

Рубрики: Неврология

Разделы: Клинические исследования

Версия для печати


Резюме

Актуальність. У багатьох європейських країнах вживання алкоголю як психоактивної речовини стало культурно схваленою соціальною нормою. Окрім видимого зловживання, формується латентна форма алкоголізму, вбудована в повсякденні ритуали й непомітна для осіб, які залишаються соціально та професійно адаптованими. Мета: вивчити механізми латентного алкоголізму в соціально адаптованих людей, які вживають алкоголь систематично, але помірно, і проаналізувати його вплив на когнітивно-поведінкові моделі, нейрофізіологічну адаптацію, мотиваційну регуляцію та особистісну ідентичність. Матеріали та методи. Було проведено якісне феноменологічне дослідження за участю 112 респондентів віком 20–82 років з дев’яти країн, усі — соціально інтегровані та без клінічної залежності. Напівструктуровані інтерв’ю охоплювали моделі вживання, афективні й когнітивні реакції, а також суб’єктивне самосприйняття. Систематичний огляд літератури доповнив емпіричні дані. Результати. Виокремлено три ключові патерни латентного алкоголізму: 1) ритуалізоване вживання — автоматизоване, емоційно нейтральне пиття, інтегроване в щоденний розпорядок; 2) афективно-компенсаторне використання — алкоголь як сурогат емоційної саморегуляції; 3) соціально легітимізована саморегуляція — уживання, зумовлене соціальною інклюзією. У різних культурних контекстах алкоголь із зовнішнього стимулятора перетворився на символічний регулятор психосоціального гомеостазу. Нейропсихологічний аналіз показав залучення дофамінергічних, префронтально-стріарних, гіпокампальних та нейрогліокапілярних механізмів, що призводить до автоматизації, зниження чутливості до стресу й субклінічної залежності без явних симптомів. Висновки. Латентний алкоголізм є прихованою когнітивно-поведінковою залежністю, що формується в соціально адаптованих осіб. Запропонована модель LADAR описує п’ять фаз її розвитку — від початку до раціоналізованого домінування. Це явище ставить під сумнів традиційні межі між нормою та патологією, демонструючи, як культурно схвалене вживання може реструктуризувати афективну регуляцію, мотивацію та самоідентичність без клінічних ознак алкоголізму.

Background. In many European countries, alcohol consumption has shifted from being viewed as a mere psychoactive substance to becoming a culturally sanctioned social norm. Beyond visible abuse, a latent form of alcoholization emerges, embedded in everyday rituals and unnoticed by individuals who remain socially and professionally adapted. The purpose was to investigate the mechanisms of latent alcoholization in socially adapted individuals with systematic but moderate alcohol consumption, and to analyze its impact on cognitive-behavioral patterns, neurophysiological adaptation, motivational regulation, and personal identity. Materials and methods. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted with 112 respondents aged 20–82 years from nine countries, all socially integrated and without clinical dependence. Semi-structured interviews explored consumption patterns, affective and cognitive responses, and subjective self-perception. A systematic literature review complemented the empirical data. Results. The study identified three main patterns of latent alcoholization: 1) ritualized consumption — automatized, emotionally neutral drinking integrated into daily routines; 2) affective-compensatory use — alcohol as a surrogate for emotional self-regulation; and 3) socially-legitimized self-regulation — drinking driven by social inclusion. Across cultural contexts, alcohol shifted from being an external stimulant to a symbolic regulator of psychosocial homeostasis. Neuropsychological analysis indicated involvement of dopaminergic, prefrontal-striatal, hippocampal, and neuro-glio-capillary mechanisms, leading to automatization, reduced stress sensitivity, and subclinical dependence without overt symptoms. Conclusions. Latent alcoholization represents a hidden cognitive-behavioral dependence that develops in socially adapted individuals. The proposed LADAR (latent alcohol dependence adaptive regulation) model describes five phases of its progression, from initiation to rationa­lized dominance. This phenomenon challenges conventional boundaries between norm and pathology, demonstrating how culturally legitimized consumption can restructure affective regulation, motivation, and self-identity without clinical signs of alcoholism.


Ключевые слова

латентний алкоголізм; когнітивно-поведінкова залежність; ритуалізоване вживання; нейрогліокапілярний механізм; модель LADAR; соціальна адаптація

latent alcoholization; cognitive-behavioral dependence; ritualized consumption; neuro-glio-capillary mechanism; LADAR model; social adaptation


Для ознакомления с полным содержанием статьи необходимо оформить подписку на журнал.


Список литературы

1. Castro FG, Barrera M Jr, Mena LA, Aguirre KM. Culture and alcohol use: historical and sociocultural themes from 75 years of alcohol research. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl. 2014;75(17):36-49. doi: 10.15288/jsads.2014.s17.36. 
2. Sudhinaraset M, Wigglesworth C, Takeuchi DT. Social and Cultural Contexts of Alcohol Use: Influences in a Social-Ecological Framework. Alcohol Res. 2016;38(1):35-45. 
3. Heinz A, Daedelow LS. Alcohol as cultural asset — a historical, anthropological, and therapeutic perspective on alcohol consumption and its social role in western societies. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2021 Jun;64(6):646-651. doi: 10.1007/s00103-021-03327-8 (in German).
4. Conigrave JH, Bradshaw EL, Conigrave KM, et al. Alcohol consumption and dependence is linked to the extent that people experience need satisfaction while drinking alcohol in two Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2021 Apr 13;16(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13722-021-00231-z.
5. Bondarenko YaD, Kauk OI. Latent cortical neurodegeneration in moderate alcohol use: silent neurotoxicity syndrome as a new subtype of chronic alcohol-induced encephalopathy without clinical dependence. Psychiatry, Neurology and Medical Psychology. 2025;12(3):281-303. doi: 10.26565/2312-5675-2025-29-01.
6. Bondarenko YaD, Kauk OI, Stetsenko SO, Pliten OM. Neuroglio-capillary dysfunction in children with respiratory infections: early clinical markers and the role of outpatient screening. Psychiatry, Neurology and Medical Psychology. 2025;12(4):449-471. doi: 10.26565/2312-5675-2025-30-03.
7. Kuvaas NJ, Dvorak RD, Pearson MR, Lamis DA, Sargent EM. Self-regulation and alcohol use involvement: a latent class analysis. Addict Behav. 2014 Jan;39(1):146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.020.
8. Jurk S, Mennigen E, Goschke T, Smolka MN. Low-level alcohol consumption during adolescence and its impact on cognitive control development. Addict Biol. 2018 Jan;23(1):313-326. doi: 10.1111/adb.12467. 
9. Friese M, Gianotti LRR, Knoch D. The association between implicit alcohol attitudes and drinking behavior is moderated by baseline activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex. Health Psychol. 2016 Aug;35(8):837-841. doi: 10.1037/hea0000179.
10. Sheeran P, Aarts H, Custers R, Rivis A, Webb TL, Cooke R. The goal-dependent automaticity of drinking habits. Br J Soc Psychol. 2005 Mar;44(Pt 1):47-63. doi: 10.1348/014466604X23446.
11. Room R, Mkel P, Benegal V, et al. Times to drink: cross-cultural variations in drinking in the rhythm of the week. Int J Public Health. 2012 Feb;57(1):107-117. doi: 10.1007/s00038-011-0259-3. 
12. Hhne A, Hoch E, Landgraf D. DAILY-A Personalized Circadian Zeitgeber Therapy as an Adjunctive Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 14;11:569864. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.569864.
13. Corbit LH, Janak PH. Habitual Alcohol Seeking: Neural Bases and Possible Relations to Alcohol Use Disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016 Jul;40(7):1380-1389. doi: 10.1111/acer.13094. 
14. O’Tousa D, Grahame N. Habit formation: implications for alcoholism research. Alcohol. 2014 Jun;48(4):327-335. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.02.004.
15. Lindgren KP, Neighbors C, Teachman BA, et al. Habit doesn’t make the predictions stronger: implicit alcohol associations and habitualness predict drinking uniquely. Addict Behav. 2015 Jun;45:139-145. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.003.
16. Bareham BK, Kaner E, Spencer LP, Hanratty B. Drinking in later life: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies exploring older people’s perceptions and experiences. Age Ageing. 2019 Jan 1;48(1):134-146. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy069.
17. Eriksen LL, Hoeck B. The construction of meaning in alcohol addiction: A narrative study of socially excluded people’s stories about alcohol. Nordisk Alkohol Nark. 2022 Feb;39(1):76-88. doi: 10.1177/1455072521999220.
18. Mayo LM, de Wit H. Acquisition of Conditioned Responses to a Novel Alcohol-Paired Cue in Social Drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2016 Mar;77(2):317-326. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.317.
19. Remedios J, Woods C, Tardif C, Janak PH, Chaudhri N. Pavlovian-conditioned alcohol-seeking behavior in rats is invigorated by the interaction between discrete and contextual alcohol cues: implications for relapse. Brain Behav. 2014 Mar;4(2):278-289. doi: 10.1002/brb3.216.
20. Field M, Duka T. Cues paired with a low dose of alcohol acquire conditioned incentive properties in social drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Jan;159(3):325-334. doi: 10.1007/s00213-001-0923-z.
21. Childs E, de Wit H. Alcohol-induced place conditioning in moderate social drinkers. Addiction. 2016 Dec;111(12):2157-2165. doi: 10.1111/add.13540.
22. Kuerbis AN, Shao S, Treloar Padovano H, et al. Context and craving among individuals with alcohol use disorder attemp–ting to mo–derate their drinking. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020 Dec;28(6):677-687. doi: 10.1037/pha0000349.
23. Dora J, Piccirillo M, Foster KT, et al. The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data. Psychol Bull. 2023 Jan-Feb;149(1–2):1-24. doi: 10.1037/bul0000387.
24. Collins BN, Brandon TH. Effects of extinction context and retrieval cues on alcohol cue reactivity among nonalcoholic drinkers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Apr;70(2):390-397.
25. Van Dyke N, Fillmore MT. Operant responding for alcohol following alcohol cue exposure in social drinkers. Addict Behav. 2015 Aug;47:11-16. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.016. 
26. Keiflin R, Janak PH. Dopamine Prediction Errors in Reward Learning and Addiction: From Theory to Neural Circuitry. Neuron. 2015 Oct 21;88(2):247-263. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.037. 
27. Diederen KMJ, Fletcher PC. Dopamine, Prediction Error and Beyond. Neuroscientist. 2021 Feb;27(1):30-46. doi: 10.1177/1073858420907591.
28. Bondarenko Y, Petrova O, Kauk O, Zelenska K. Neuroplasticity of the brain and modern pedagogical approaches to foreign language learning: overcoming age barriers, stimulating cognitive functions, and improving pronunciation. Collection of Scientific Papers ГO. 2025;(February 14, 2025; Boston, USA: VII International Scientific and Practical Conference “Scientific Practice: Modern and Classical Research Methods”):371-378. doi: 10.36074/logos-14.02.2025.080.
29. Bondarenko YaD, Zelenska KO, Zhuravel YaV, Serdyuk OI. Psychosocial and neurobiological adaptation of youth to conditions of forced migration during the armed conflict in Ukraine. Miznarodnij endokrinologichnij zurnal. 2025;21(5):380-390. doi: 10.22141/2224-0713.21.5.2025.1203.
30. Bondarenko Y, Kulyk D, Kauk O. Amnesia after the hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke: is it possible to minimize its development already in intensive care? Grail of Science. 2025;(51, IX CISP Conference “Scientific researches and methods of their carrying out: world experience and domestic realities”):829-847. doi: 10.36074/grail-of-science.18.04.2025.114.
31. Bondarenko Y, Kulyk D, Kauk O. Cognitive impairment after the hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke: is it possible to minimize its development already in intensive care? Crail of Science. 2025;(51, IX CISP Conference “Scientific researches and methods of their carrying out: world experience and domestic realities”):862-876. doi: 10.36074/grail-of-science.18.04.2025.116.
32. Lovinger DM, Abrahao KP. Synaptic plasticity mechanisms common to learning and alcohol use disorder. Learn Mem. 2018 Aug 16;25(9):425-434. doi: 10.1101/lm.046722.117.
33. Krishnan HR, Sakharkar AJ, Teppen TL, Berkel TD, Pandey SC. The epigenetic landscape of alcoholism. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2014;115:75-116. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801311-3.00003-2.
34. Warden AS, Mayfield RD. Gene expression profiling in the human alcoholic brain. Neuropharmacology. 2017 Aug 1;122:161-174. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.017.
35. Siciliano CA, Karkhanis AN, Holleran KM, Melchior JR, Jones SR. Cross-Species Alterations in Synaptic Dopamine Regulation after Chronic Alcohol Exposure. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2018;248:213-238. doi: 10.1007/164_2018_106.
36. Holmes A, Fitzgerald PJ, MacPherson KP, et al. Chronic alcohol remodels prefrontal neurons and disrupts NMDAR-mediated fear extinction encoding. Nat Neurosci. 2012 Oct;15(10):1359-1361. doi: 10.1038/nn.3204.
37. Abernathy K, Chandler LJ, Woodward JJ. Alcohol and the prefrontal cortex. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2010;91:289-320. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7742(10)91009-X.
38. Dulman RS, Wandling GM, Pandey SC. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying pathobiology of alcohol use disorder. Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2020 Sep;8(3):61-73. doi: 10.1007/s40139-020-00210-0.
39. Ji X, Saha S, Kolpakova J, Guildford M, Tapper AR, Martin GE. Dopamine Receptors Differentially Control Binge Alcohol Drinking-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity of the Core Nucleus Accumbens Direct and Indirect Pathways. J Neurosci. 2017 May 31;37(22):5463-5474. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3845-16.2017.
40. Boog M, Tibboel H. Automaticity: schema modes in addiction. Front Psychiatry. 2023 Oct 18;14:1158067. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158067.
41. Bechara A, Berridge KC, Bickel WK, Morn JA, Williams SB, Stein JS. A Neurobehavioral Approach to Addiction: Implications for the Opioid Epidemic and the Psychology of Addiction. Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2019 Oct;20(2):96-127. doi: 10.1177/1529100619860513.
42. Sinha R. Alcohol’s Negative Emotional Side: The Role of Stress Neurobiology in Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Res. 2022 Oct 27;42(1):12. doi: 10.35946/arcr.v42.1.12.
43. Petit G, Luminet O, Maurage F, et al. Emotion Regulation in Alcohol Dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Dec;39(12):2471-2479. doi: 10.1111/acer.12914. 
44. Richardson HN, Lee SY, O’Dell LE, Koob GF, Rivier CL. Alcohol self-administration acutely stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but alcohol dependence leads to a dampened neuroendocrine state. Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Oct;28(8):1641-1653. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06455.x.
45. Marty VN, Mulpuri Y, Munier JJ, Spigelman I. Chronic alcohol disrupts hypothalamic responses to stress by modifying CRF and NMDA receptor function. Neuropharmacology. 2020 May 1;167:107991. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107991.
46. Mller-Oehring EM, Jung YC, Sullivan EV, Hawkes WC, Pfefferbaum A, Schulte T. Midbrain-Driven Emotion and Reward Processing in Alcoholism. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;38:1844-1853. doi: 10.1038/npp.2013.102.
47. Timme NM, Ma B, Linsenbardt D, Cornwell E, Galbari T, Lapish CC. Compulsive alcohol drinking in rodents is associated with altered representations of behavioral control and seeking in dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. Nat Commun. 2022 Jul 9;13(1):3990. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31731-4.
48. Schreiner DC, Wright A, Baltz ET, Wang T, Cazares C, Gremel CM. Chronic alcohol exposure alters action control via hyperactive premotor corticostriatal activity. Cell Rep. 2023 Jul 25;42(7):112675. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112675. 
49. Bogg T, Fukunaga R, Finn PR, Brown JW. Cognitive control links alcohol use, trait disinhibition, and reduced cognitive capacity: Evidence for medial prefrontal cortex dysregulation during reward-seeking behavior. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Apr 1;122(1–2):112-118. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.018.
50. Ling J, Smith KE, Wilson GB, et al. The “other” in patterns of drinking: a qualitative study of attitudes towards alcohol use among professional, managerial and clerical workers. BMC Public Health. 2012 Oct 23;12:892. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-892. 
51. MacArthur GJ, Hickman M, Campbell R. Qualitative exploration of the intersection between social influences and cultural norms in relation to the development of alcohol use behaviour during adole-scence. BMJ Open. 2020 Mar 16;10(3):e030556. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030556.
52. Hertel AW, Peterson KP, Lindgren KP. Investment in drinking identity is associated with alcohol consumption and risk of alcohol use disorder. Addictive Behaviors. 2019 Feb;89:256-262. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.021.
53. Dingle GA, Cruwys T, Frings D. Social Identities as Pathways into and out of Addiction. Front Psychol. 2015 Nov 30;6:1795. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01795.
54. Volkow ND, Baler RD, Goldstein RZ. Addiction: pulling at the neural threads of social behaviors. Neuron. 2011 Feb 24;69(4):599-602. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.027.
55. Eisenberg ME, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF, Hemphill SA. Social norms in the development of adolescent substance use: a longitudinal analysis of the International Youth Development Study. J Youth Adolesc. 2014 Sep;43(9):1486-1497. doi: 10.1007/s10964-014-0111-1.
56. Nowakowska K, Jabkowska K, Borkowska A. Cognitive dysfunctions in patients with alcohol dependence. Psychiatr Pol. 2007 Sep-Oct;41(5):693-702 (in Polish).
57. Thorberg FA, Young RM, Sullivan KA, et al. Alexithymia in alcohol dependent patients is partially mediated by alcohol expectancy. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Jul 1;116(1–3):238-241. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.015.
58. Deserno L, Beck A, Huys QJ, et al. Chronic alcohol intake abolishes the relationship between dopamine synthesis capacity and learning signals in the ventral striatum. Eur J Neurosci. 2015 Feb;41(4):477-486. doi: 10.1111/ejn.12802.
59. Abrahao KP, Salinas AG, Lovinger DM. Alcohol and the Brain: Neuronal Molecular Targets, Synapses, and Circuits. Neuron. 2017 Dec 20;96(6):1223-1238. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.032.
60. Feltmann K, Borroto-Escuela DO, Regg J, et al. Effects of Long-Term Alcohol Drinking on the Dopamine D2 Receptor: Gene Expression and Heteroreceptor Complexes in the Striatum in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Feb;42(2):338-351. doi: 10.1111/acer.13568.
61. Waltman C, Blevins LS Jr, Boyd G, Wand GS. The effects of mild ethanol intoxication on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in nonalcoholic men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Aug;77(2):518-522. doi: 10.1210/jcem.77.2.8393888.
62. Dunne N, Ivers J. HPA axis function in alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addictive Neuroscience. 2023 Dec;8:100114. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100114.
63. Stephens MA, Wand G. Stress and the HPA axis: role of glucocorticoids in alcohol dependence. Alcohol Res. 2012;34(4):468-483.
64. Dai X, Thavundayil J, Gianoulakis C. Response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress in the absence and presence of ethanol in subjects at high and low risk of alcoholism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Sep;27(3):442-452. doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00308-1.
65. Ngui HHL, Kow ASF, Lai S, Tham CL, Ho YC, Lee MT. Alcohol Withdrawal and the Associated Mood Disorders: A Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 29;23(23):14912. doi: 10.3390/ijms232314912.
66. Barker JM, Taylor JR. Habitual alcohol seeking: modeling the transition from casual drinking to addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014 Nov;47:281-294. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.012.
67. Renteria R, Baltz ET, Gremel CM. Chronic alcohol exposure disrupts top-down control over basal ganglia action selection to produce habits. Nat Commun. 2018 Jan 15;9(1):211. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02615-9.
68. Giannone F, Ebrahimi C, Endrass T, Hansson AC, Schlagenhauf F, Sommer WH. Bad habits-good goals? Meta-analysis and translation of the habit construct to alcoholism. Transl Psychiatry. 2024 Jul 19;14(1):298. doi: 10.1038/s41398-024-02965-1.
69. Domi A, Cadeddu D, Lucente E, et al. Pre- and postsynaptic signatures in the prelimbic cortex associated with “alcohol use disorder” in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2024;49:1851-1860. doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-01887-2.
70. Lovelock DF, Tyler RE, Besheer J. Interoception and alcohol: Mechanisms, networks, and implications. Neuropharmacology. 2021 Dec 1;200:108807. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108807.
71. Naqvi NH, Bechara A. The insula and drug addiction: an interoceptive view of pleasure, urges, and decision-making. Brain Struct Funct. 2010 Jun;214(5–6):435-450. doi: 10.1007/s00429-010-0268-7.
72. Goltseker K, Garay P, Bonefas K, Iwase S, Barak S. Alcohol-specific transcriptional dynamics of memory reconsolidation and relapse. Transl Psychiatry. 2023 Feb 15;13(1):55. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02352-2.
73. Winiewski P, Maurage P, Jakubczyk A, Trucco EM, Suszek H, Kopera M. Alcohol use and interoception — A narrative review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 20;111:110397. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110397.
74. Ebrahimi C, Garbusow M, Sebold M, et al. Elevated Amygdala Responses During De Novo Pavlovian Conditioning in Alcohol Use Disorder Are Associated with Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer and Relapse Latency. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2023 Feb 16;3(4):803-813. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.003.
75. Domenico LH, Strobbe S, Stein KF, Giordani BJ, Hagerty BM, Pressler SJ. Identifying the Structure and Effect of Drinking-Related Self-Schemas. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2016;39(7):942-981. doi: 10.1177/0193945916658613.
76. Ingram PF, Finn PR. A New Perspective on “Drinking” Self: A Network Approach to Characterizing Drinking-Related Changes in Personality. Subst Use Misuse. 2022;57(5):742-750. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2034874.
77. DiBello AM, Miller MB, Young CM, Neighbors C, Lindgren KP. Explicit drinking identity and alcohol problems: The mediating role of drinking to cope. Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.031.
78. Sieri S, Agudo A, Kesse E, et al. Patterns of alcohol consumption in 10 European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) project. Public Health Nutr. 2002 Dec;5(6B):1287-1296. doi: 10.1079/PHN2002405.
79. Giacosa A, Barale R, Bavaresco L, et al. Mediterranean Way of Drinking and Longevity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(4):635-640. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2012.747484.
80. Gilman JM, Ramchandani VA, Davis MB, Bjork JM, Hommer DW. Why we like to drink: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the rewarding and anxiolytic effects of alcohol. J Neurosci. 2008 Apr 30;28(18):4583-4591. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0086-08.2008.
81. Cofres RU, Upton S, Brown AA, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD, Froeliger B. Mesocorticolimbic system reactivity to alcohol use-rela–ted visual cues as a function of alcohol sensitivity phenotype: A pilot fMRI study. Addict Neurosci. 2024 Jun;11:100156. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100156.
82. Dager AD, Anderson BM, Rosen R, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to alcohol pictures predicts subsequent transition to heavy drinking in college students. Addiction. 2014 Apr;109(4):585-595. doi: 10.1111/add.12437.
83. Zeng J, Yu S, Cao H, Su Y, Dong Z, Yang X. Neurobiological correlates of cue-reactivity in alcohol-use disorders: A voxel-wise meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Sep;128:294-310. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.031.
84. Burnette EM, Grodin EN, Schacht JP, Ray LA. Clinical and Neural Correlates of Reward and Relief Drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Jan;45(1):194-203. doi: 10.1111/acer.14495.
85. Radoman M, Fogelman N, Lacadie C, Seo D, Sinha R. Neural Correlates of Stress and Alcohol Cue-Induced Alcohol Craving and of Future Heavy Drinking: Evidence of Sex Differences. The American journal of psychiatry. 2024;181(5):412-422. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230849.
86. Gilpin NW, Koob GF. Neurobiology of alcohol dependence: focus on motivational mechanisms. Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(3):185-195.
87. Ramchandani VA, Umhau J, Pavon FJ, et al. A genetic determinant of the striatal dopamine response to alcohol in men. Mol Psychiatry. 2011 Aug;16(8):809-817. doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.56. 
88. Adinoff B, Iranmanesh A, Veldhuis J, Fisher L. Disturbances of the stress response: the role of the HPA axis during alcohol withdrawal and abstinence. Alcohol Health Res World. 1998;22(1):67-72. 
89. Farahbakhsh ZZ, Holleran KM, Sens JP, et al. Synchrony between midbrain gene transcription and dopamine terminal regulation is modulated by chronic alcohol drinking. Nat Commun. 2025 Feb 25;16(1):1944. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56715-y.
90. Blaine SK, Milivojevic V, Fox H, Sinha R. Alcohol Effects on Stress Pathways: Impact on Craving and Relapse Risk. Can J Psychiatry. 2016 Mar;61(3):145-153. doi: 10.1177/0706743716632512.
91. Koob GF. Addiction is a Reward Deficit and Stress Surfeit Disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2013 Aug 1;4:72. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00072.
92. Sinha R, Fox HC, Hong KA, Bergquist K, Bhagwagar Z, Siedlarz KM. Enhanced negative emotion and alcohol craving, and altered physiological responses following stress and cue exposure in alcohol dependent individuals. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Apr;34(5):1198-1208. doi: 10.1038/npp.2008.78.
93. Vollstdt-Klein S, Wichert S, Rabinstein J, et al. Initial, habitual and compulsive alcohol use is characterized by a shift of cue processing from ventral to dorsal striatum. Addiction. 2010 Oct;105(10):1741-1749. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03022.x.
94. Everitt BJ, Robbins TW. From the ventral to the dorsal striatum: devolving views of their roles in drug addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Nov;37(9 Pt A):1946-1954. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.010.
95. Heinz A, Siessmeier T, Wrase J, et al. Correlation between dopamine D(2) receptors in the ventral striatum and central processing of alcohol cues and craving. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;161(10):1783-1789. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.10.1783.
96. Martinez D, Gil R, Slifstein M, et al. Alcohol dependence is associated with blunted dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Nov 15;58(10):779-786. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.044.
97. Bondarenko Y, Mozgova T. Anxiety-depressive disorder in patients with borderline personality disorder: clinical manifestations, triggers, and easing factors. Collection of Scientific Papers 
ГO. 2024;(December 13, 2024; Zurich, Switzerland: VII International Scientific and Practical Conference “Grundlagen der Modernen Wissenschaftlichen Forschung”):391-396. doi: 10.36074/logos-13.12.2024.083.
98. Schoenmakers T, Wiers RW, Field M. Effects of a low dose of alcohol on cognitive biases and craving in heavy drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Mar;197(1):169-178. doi: 10.1007/s00213-007-1023-5. 

Вернуться к номеру