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Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» Том 21, №3, 2026

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Постковідний синдром у дітей та підлітків: клінічні прояви та напрями реабілітації (огляд літератури)

Постковідний синдром у дітей та підлітків: клінічні прояви та напрями реабілітації (огляд літератури)

Авторы: Лисунець О.В. (1), Дідик Н.В. (1), Токарєва Н.М. (2)
(1) - Вінницький національний медичний університет ім. М.І. Пирогова, м. Вінниця, Україна
(2) - Дніпровський державний медичний університет, м. Дніпро, Україна

Рубрики: Педиатрия/Неонатология

Разделы: Справочник специалиста

Версия для печати


Резюме

Актуальність. Коронавірусна хвороба (COVID-19) спричинила значні віддалені мультисистемні наслідки, особливо у дітей та підлітків. Постковідний синдром (ПКС) суттєво знижує якість життя та створює додаткове навантаження на систему охорони здоров’я. Мета: систематизувати сучасні дані літератури щодо клінічних проявів, факторів ризику та структури постковідного синдрому у дітей і підлітків, а також визначити найбільш ефективні напрями реабілітаційних заходів. Матеріали та методи. Проведено наративний огляд літератури в базах даних PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library та Національній бібліотеці України ім. В.І. Вернадського за період з грудня 2020 р. до квітня 2026 р. Ідентифіковано 564 публікації, 109 з яких відповідали критеріям включення. Результати. ПКС розвивається у 10–30 % дітей та підлітків після перенесеної інфекції SARS-CoV-2 і характеризується високою полісиндромністю. Найпоширеніші прояви: патологічна втома, задишка, головний біль, когнітивні порушення («мозковий туман»), розлади сну, тривожно-депресивні стани, зниження толерантності до навантажень, міалгії, артралгії та шкірні зміни. Основні фактори ризику: жіноча стать, підлітковий вік, ожиріння, бронхіальна астма, тяжкий перебіг гострої фази та мультисистемний запальний синдром. Висновки. Постковідний синдром у дітей є мультисистемним станом, що потребує ранньої стратифікації ризику, тривалого моніторингу та комплексної реабілітації. Найвищу ефективність продемонстрували когнітивні та ольфакторні тренінги, когнітивно-поведінкова терапія, нутритивна корекція (особливо вітаміну D) та вакцинація, яка знижує ризик ПКС приблизно на 75 %. Своєчасна реабілітація дозволяє запобігти хронізації порушень і відновити якість життя дітей.

Background. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused significant long-term multisystem consequences, especially in children and adolescents. Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS/long COVID) substantially impairs quality of life and increases the burden on healthcare systems. Objective: to systematize current literature data on clinical manifestations, risk factors, and structure of PCS in children and adolescents, as well as to identify the most effective areas of rehabilitation measures. Materials and methods. A narrative literature review was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, and the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine for December 2020 — April 2026. A total of 564 publications were identified; 109 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results. PCS develops in 10–30 % of children and adolescents after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is characterized by high polysyndromicity and multisystem involvement. The most frequent manifestations include pathological fatigue, dyspnea, hea­dache, cognitive impairment (“brain fog”), sleep disorders, anxiety/depressive disorders, reduced exercise tolerance, myalgia/arthralgia, and skin lesions. Key risk factors are female sex, adolescent age, obesity, bronchial asthma, severe acute course, hospitalization, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Conclusions. PCS in children is a complex multisystem condition requiring early risk stratification, long-term monitoring, and comprehensive rehabilitation. The most effective interventions are cognitive and olfactory training, cognitive-behavioral therapy, nutritional correction (especially vitamin D supplementation), and vaccination, which reduces the risk of PCS by approximately 75 %. Timely rehabilitation prevents chronicity and improves quality of life.


Ключевые слова

постковідний синдром; тривалий COVID; діти; підлітки; мультисистемні наслідки; реабілітація

post-COVID-19 syndrome; long COVID; children; adolescents; multisystem sequelae; rehabilitation

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.21.3.2026.1958

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