Международный эндокринологический журнал Том 22, №5, 2026

Актуальність. Хронічний стрес під час війни є системним медико-соціальним чинником, здатним впливати на психоемоційний стан, нейроендокринну, метаболічну, імунозапальну регуляцію та функціонування стоматогнатичної системи. Мета: узагальнити сучасні наукові дані щодо ролі хронічного воєнного стресу у формуванні алостатичного навантаження, метаболічної й імунозапальної дисрегуляції та їх зв’язку зі стоматогнатичними наслідками. Матеріали та методи. Проведено огляд літератури з елементами систематизованого пошуку в PubMed/Medline, Epistemonikos, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar і повнотекстових ресурсах Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, MDPI та BMC за 2021–2026 рр. Аналізували огляди, метааналізи, клінічні й ретроспективні дослідження щодо хронічного стресу, алостатичного навантаження, посттравматичних проявів, бруксизму, скронево-нижньощелепних розладів, пародонтальних порушень, цукрового діабету 2-го типу та ортопедично-протетичних ускладнень. Результати. Узагальнення даних дозволило сформувати інтегративну алостатичну модель ендокринно-метаболічних і стоматогнатичних наслідків хронічного воєнного стресу. Показано, що тривала дія стресорів війни може реалізовуватися через нейроендокринну, метаболічну, імунозапальну, нейром’язову, больову, оклюзійно-механічну та соціально-поведінкову гілки. Нейроендокринна гілка пов’язана з дисрегуляцією гіпоталамо-гіпофізарно-наднирникової осі та змінами кортизолової відповіді; метаболічна — з погіршенням глікемічного контролю, цукровим діабетом 2-го типу, метаболічним синдромом, оксидативним стресом і системним запаленням; пародонтальна — з впливом стресу, кортизолу, порушення сну та поведінкових факторів на тканини пародонта. Нейром’язові та больові прояви включають бруксизм, кленчинг, скронево-нижньощелепні розлади, міофасціальний біль і центральну сенситизацію, а оклюзійно-протетичні наслідки — патологічне стирання зубів, сколи реставрацій і перевантаження ортопедичних конструкцій. Висновки. Хронічний стрес війни доцільно розглядати як міждисциплінарний чинник ризику, який поєднує ендокринно-метаболічні, імунозапальні та стоматогнатичні механізми і потребує розширеної оцінки пацієнта.

Background. Chronic stress during war is a systemic medical and social factor that may affect psycho-emotional status, neuroendocrine, metabolic and immunoinflammatory regulation, and the stomatognathic system functioning. The purpose was to summarize current scientific data on the role of chronic war-related stress in the development of allostatic load, metabolic and immunoinflammatory dysregulation, and their association with stomatognathic consequences. Materials and methods. A literature review with elements of a systematized search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Epistemonikos, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and full-text resources of Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, MDPI and BMC for 2021–2026. Reviews, meta-analyses, clinical and retrospective studies on chronic stress, allostatic load, post-traumatic manifestations, bruxism, temporomandibular disorders, periodontal disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus and prosthodontic complications were analyzed. Results. Data synthesis enabled the development of an integrative allostatic model of endocrine-meta­bolic and stomatognathic consequences of chronic war-related stress. Prolonged exposure to war stressors may act through neuro­endocrine, metabolic, immunoinflammatory, neuromuscular, pain-related, occlusal-mechanical and socio-behavioral pathways. The neuroendocrine pathway is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and altered cortisol response; the metabolic pathway is linked to impaired glycemic control, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation; and the periodontal pathway is associated with the effects of stress, cortisol, sleep disturbances and behavioral factors on periodontal tissues. Neuromuscular and pain-related manifestations include bruxism, clenching, temporomandibular disorders, myofascial pain and central sensitization, whereas occlusal-prosthodontic consequences include pathological tooth wear, restoration chipping and overload of prosthodontic constructions. Conclusions. Chronic war-related stress should be considered an interdisciplinary risk factor that combines endocrine-metabolic, immunoinflammatory, and stomatognathic mechanisms and requires an expanded patient assessment.

огляд; війна; хронічний стрес; алостатичне навантаження; бруксизм; цукровий діабет 2-го типу

review; war; chronic stress; allostatic load; bruxism; type 2 diabetes mellitus

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