Международный эндокринологический журнал Том 22, №6, 2026

Цукровий діабет належить до найпоширеніших хронічних захворювань і є важливим чинником, що негативно впливає на чоловіче репродуктивне здоров’я. Накопичені за останні роки експериментальні й клінічні дані свідчать про суттєву роль метаболічних порушень у формуванні розладів сперматогенезу, гормонального дисбалансу та зниження фертильності у чоловіків із цукровим діабетом. Метою цього огляду було узагальнення сучасних відомостей щодо молекулярних механізмів діабет-асоційованого ушкодження чоловічої репродуктивної системи. Пошук наукових публікацій проводили в базах даних Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library та Global Health за період 2007–2025 років. Для відбору літератури використовували комбінації ключових слів, що стосувалися цукрового діабету, чоловічої безплідності, сперматогенезу, оксидативного стресу, гіпогонадизму, функціонування клітин Лейдіга та Сертолі, а також основних молекулярних сигнальних шляхів та епігенетичних механізмів. До аналізу включали систематичні огляди, метааналізи, клінічні й експериментальні дослідження. Результати аналізу літератури показали, що порушення репродуктивної функції при цукровому діабеті мають багатофакторний характер і пов’язані з розвитком оксидативного стресу, хронічного запалення, дисрегуляцією внутрішньоклітинних сигнальних каскадів, активацією системи кінцевих продуктів глікування та їх рецепторів (AGE/RAGE), посиленням апоптозу клітин яєчка й епігенетичними змінами. Важливу роль у цих процесах відіграють сигнальні шляхи NF-κB, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, AMPK та mTOR. Сукупність зазначених порушень призводить до зниження стероїдогенної активності сім’яників, погіршення показників сперми та розвитку чоловічої безплідності.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases and is a significant factor adversely affec­ting male reproductive health. Experimental and clinical data accumulated in recent years indicate a significant role for metabolic disorders in the development of spermatogenesis disorders, hormonal imbalance and reduced fertility in men with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review was to summarise current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-associated damage to the male reproductive system. A search for scientific publications was conducted in the Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Global Health databases for the period 2007–2025. A combination of keywords relating to diabetes mellitus, male infertility, spermatogenesis, oxidative stress, hypogonadism, Leydig and Sertoli cell function, as well as key molecular signalling pathways and epigenetic mechanisms was used to select the literature. The analysis included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical and experimental studies. A review of the literature has shown that reproductive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus has a multifactorial nature and is associated with the development of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dysregulation of intracellular signalling pathways, activation of the advanced glycation end-products and their receptors (AGE/RAGE) system, enhanced testicular cell apoptosis and epigenetic changes. The NF-κB, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, AMPK and mTOR signalling pathways play a key role in these processes. The combination of these abnormalities contributes to reduced steroidogenic activity of the testes, impaired sperm parameters and the development of male infertility.

цукровий діабет; чоловіча безплідність; репродуктивна функція; сперматогенез; оксидативний стрес; гіпогонадизм; тестостерон

diabetes mellitus; male infertility; reproductive function; spermatogenesis; oxidative stress; hypogonadism; testosterone

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