Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» Том 21, №5, 2026

Актуальність. Кількість хронічних захворювань серед дітей, зокрема астми, у світі зростає. Астма є одним із найпоширеніших хронічних станів дитячого віку і являє собою серйозну глобальну проблему охорони здоров’я, що супроводжується значною захворюваністю. Мета: оцінити ефективність освітніх програм щодо підвищення рівня знань, прихильності до медикаментозного лікування, навичок самоконтролю астми й самоефективності в дітей з астмою та їхніх батьків. Матеріали та методи. Пошук літератури здійснювали в базах даних CINAHL, Springer, ScienceDirect, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar та EBSCOhost. До огляду включали роботи, опубліковані у 2015–2025 роках, з використанням наступних ключових слів: asthma, child, self-management, self-efficacy та adherence interventions. Загалом було виявлено 165 записів. Після видалення дублікатів і нерелевантних досліджень до фінального аналізу увійшло 12 публікацій. ­Результати. Аналіз включених досліджень продемонстрував значне поліпшення рівня знань про астму, прихильності до медикаментозного лікування, навичок самоконтролю астми й самоефективності серед дітей та осіб, які здійснюють догляд за ними. Висновки. Освітні втручання щодо астми позитивно впливають на результати лікування педіатричних пацієнтів із цим захворюванням. Водночас існує потреба у впровадженні уніфікованого підходу, заснованого на доказах, що включає структуроване навчання, доступні індивідуальні плани дій при астмі та постійне закріплення набутих знань і навичок для оптимізації контролю захворювання в дітей.

Background. Chronic diseases among children, such as asthma, are increasing globally. Asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses and represents a major global health issue that results in significant morbidity. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effectiveness of education programs on knowledge, medication adherence, asthma management skills, and self-efficacy among children and their parents with asthma. Materials and methods. Database searches were completed in CINAHL, Springer, Science Direct, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost. Papers published between 2015 and 2025 were included using keywords such as asthma, child, self-management, self-efficacy, and adherence interventions. A total of 165 records were identified. After removing duplicates and irrelevant studies, 12 papers were included in the final review. Results. The included studies demonstrated significant improvements in asthma knowledge, medication adherence, asthma management skills, and self-efficacy among children and caregivers. Conclusions. Asthma education interventions positively impact outcomes for children with asthma; they still need to build up a unified, evidence-based approach including structured education, accessible action plans, and continuous reinforcement for optimizing asthma control in children.

астма; втручання, спрямовані на підвищення прихильності до лікування; діти; самоконтроль; самоефективність

asthma; adherence interventions; child; self-management; self-efficacy

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