Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» 8 (59) 2014

Neonatal period is one of the most critical periods of life. The adaptation to the new conditions of extrauterine life, accompanied by changes in almost all functional systems of a newborn child, take place during this period. Due to the high morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period, it is necessary to create optimal conditions in maternity hospitals, organize caring, gentle treatment and nursing of newborns. The high level of training, accurate and effective implementation of medical prescriptions, discipline, responsibility, quick orientation in the carrying out of the first emergency aid to the sick child with asphyxia of the newborn, convulsions, hyperthermia are required from the medical staff, including nurses and junior nurses.

Evaluation of the general condition of the child is an objective doctor’s assessment. It is important because it determines the amount and priority of the treatment and diagnostic measures. Therefore, this topic is very actual.

Classes are carried out according to the Bologna system. The common goal of classes is to master the techniques and methods of general and special care of newborn baby and children of other age groups.

The article describes the skills that a student must acquire to achieve a common goal, and theoretical questions that he must answer after mastering the subject. The logical sequence of material presentation is guided by represented graphs of logical structure.

At the beginning of the classes the teacher announces an actuality of the topic, the goal of classes. Then the test control is carried out for evaluation of the initial level of knowledge of students. Then teacher demonstrates methods and techniques of general and special care for sick children, evaluation of the general condition of the child, methods of the first aid for patients with convulsions, hyperthermia, asphyxia of the newborn. According to the algorithm measuring and recording of body temperature, anthropometry, daily care for the newborn baby, primary newborn care, care for the umbilical cord and umbilical cord residue, umbilical wound, the technique of artificial feeding of infant are practiced. The stages of the first pre-doctor aid are trained on phantom.

The following is a self-work of students in the department to consolidate practical skills of general and specialized care for sick children, the students exercise the measurement of body weight and length, head and chest circumferences; measure and record the temperature of the body, carry out a hygienic bath, intimate washing of children of both sexes. Master the technic of eyewash, cleaning of ears and nose, instillation of drops into the nose, eyes and ears of the child.

Then the final control test of students' knowledge is performed with further analyzing and summarizing of the practical lessons outcome. Students receive two marks for classes: for test control and practical skills.